Category Methods
Practical guidance on research design, methodology, and data analysis for your thesis.
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
Exploratory factor analysis is a powerful tool that helps you identify hidden patterns in large datasets. Imagine you are trying to find out which personality traits in a group of people are related to one another. Rather than letting the complexity overwhelm you, EFA allows you to structure the data in a way that helps you formulate clear hypotheses and gain exciting insights.
Exercise project: Clean data (challenging)
This exercise is designed to help you practice working with multiple data sets that have inconsistent names, merging and cleaning them, and then processing them further—both in R and SPSS.
Exercise Project: Exploring Data
Inhalt Learning objectives Overview of the task Data description Step-by-step guide Solutions Solution in R Solution in SPSS Summary Learning objectives By the end of this exercise, you should be able to: Overview of the task You have a dataset…
Descriptive Statistics in R
This article is about descriptive statistics and visualization in R. R is a free and incredibly versatile programming language that gives you everything you need not only to analyze data statically, but also to visualize it impressively.
Visualization with Base R
Inhalt Simple chart types Histogram Box plot Bar chart (barplot) Scatter plot Plot customizations Exporting graphics Conclusion R has always included a package of graphics functions, so you do not need to install anything extra. These “Base Graphics” are: These…
Choosing a research design: Step by step to the right method
You have your research topic, but are unsure how to approach it methodologically? Whether exploratory or confirmatory—we’ll show you how to find the right method. Step by step, with important decision questions and common mistakes.
Operators in R
In this blog post, we'll take a look at the most important operators in R — concise, easy to understand, and with examples you can try out right away.
Visualization with R and ggplot2
Inhalt Why ggplot2? Installation & Basics Geoms and Aesthetics Geoms Aesthetics (aes) Different Chart Types Scatterplot Histogram Boxplot Bar Chart Faceting, Themes & weitere Tricks Faceting Themes Legends, Scales Summary Why ggplot2? ggplot2 (by Hadley Wickham) is based on the…
Correlation and rank correlation in R
In many research projects, you want to find out whether and how strongly two variables are related – for example, height ↔ weight, study time ↔ exam grade, or CO₂ emissions ↔ income. Correlation analyses provide simple but important tools…
One-Sample t-Test in SPSS
Do you have metric data and want to know whether the mean differs significantly from a specific value? That is exactly what the one-sample t-test in SPSS is for.