You have your research topic, but are unsure how to approach it methodologically? Whether exploratory or confirmatory—we’ll show you how to find the right method. Step by step, with important decision questions and common mistakes.
In this blog post, we'll take a look at the most important operators in R — concise, easy to understand, and with examples you can try out right away.
Inhalt Why ggplot2? Installation & Basics Geoms and Aesthetics Geoms Aesthetics (aes) Different Chart Types Scatterplot Histogram Boxplot Bar Chart Faceting, Themes & weitere Tricks Faceting Themes Legends, Scales Summary Why ggplot2? ggplot2 (by Hadley Wickham) is based on the…
In many research projects, you want to find out whether and how strongly two variables are related – for example, height ↔ weight, study time ↔ exam grade, or CO₂ emissions ↔ income. Correlation analyses provide simple but important tools…
Do you have metric data and want to know whether the mean differs significantly from a specific value? That is exactly what the one-sample t-test in SPSS is for.
You ran an ANOVA—and it was significant! Now, of course, you want to know exactly which groups differ. The first impulse: Simply run a few t-tests between the groups. But beware! Alpha error inflationWhen you conduct multiple hypothesis tests simultaneously,…
You have a topic — but no idea how to turn it into a concrete research question? Then you’re in good company. After supervising more than 1,000 research projects, I can tell you: the most common mistake isn’t asking the wrong question. The most common mistake is that the question remains too broad — because the step from topic to question is skipped.
I know that academic careers unfold over years of study, writing, and steady planning. This guide is a practical map you can reuse as you grow, from graduate school to tenured roles or other paths in higher education. It treats career planning as an active, ongoing practice, not a one-off exercise.
It aims to help you turn career planning into daily habits. You’ll find a clear sequence you can follow, with concrete actions tied to your values, strengths, and opportunities in academia. The focus is on clarity and actionable steps so you can make informed choices about research, publishing, and professional development.
You have a research question — but are you unsure whether you should proceed qualitatively or quantitatively? Do you need hypotheses or are allowed to ask open questions? Then you probably lack methodological knowledge. Then you don't have a look at the level of knowledge of your field.
In this post, we'll go over Hadley Wickham's three principles for ensuring tidy data.